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食管癌是常见的消化道肿瘤，全世界每年约有30万人死于食管癌。其发病率和死亡率各国差异很大。我国是世界上食管癌高发地区之一，每年平均病死约15万人。男多于女，发病年龄多在40岁以上。食管癌典型的症状为进行性咽下困难，先是难咽干的食物，继而是半流质食物，最后水和唾液也不能咽下。
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